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一、导读： Key words & expressions involved 1. specialize vi. 2. affect vt. 3. identify vt. 4. relate vi/vt. 5. means n. 6. restore 7. fundamental adj. 8. arise vi. 9. restrict vt. 10. prohibit vt. 11. resistance n. 12. characteristic adj. 二、导思：【课文定位】根据语境推测下列划线单词或者短语的中文意思并且反复诵读 1. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. 2. Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 3. Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. 4. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 5. As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 三、导学&导练： A. 借助字典查下列单词的词性转化 1．affect vt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动→___________n．喜爱；影响 2．identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份→___________ n．识别；鉴定；确认 3．abnormal adj.反常的，畸形的→___________adj.正常的，标准的 4．arise vi.发生，出现；(由……)引起，(因……)产生→(过去式)___________→(过去分词)___________ 5．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能→___________ n．禁止；禁令 6．resistance n．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→___________ v．抵抗；抗拒→___________ adj.抵抗的，反抗的 7．withdraw vi.& vt.脱离(社会)，不与人交往；(使)撤回；(使)退出；停止提供→(过去式)___________→(过去分词)→n.________________ 8．equip vt.配备；使有能力→(过去式)___________→(过去分词)___________→___________ n．设备 9．grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→___________ n．感谢；感激 10．disabled adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的→___________ n．缺陷，障碍 B. 掌握核心单词的用法 1. specialize vi. 专门研究或从事，专攻 (P29) ①specialize in 专门研究 ▲specialized adj. 专用的，专业的，专门的 ▲specialization n. 专门化，专攻 [c/u] ▲specialist n. 专家；专科医生 [c] 1) He specialized in medicine at college. 大学时他专攻医学。 2) The specialist has specialized equipment in treating caner.在治疗癌症方面，那位专家有专门的设备。 2. being n. 生物 [c]；存在 [u]；身心 [u] vt. 由于；因为 (~as) (P30, L8) ①living being 生物 ②human being 人，人类 ③alien being 外星人 ④come into being 形成；产生 ⑤bring...into being 使……兴起/产生 ⑥for the time being 暂时，眼下，目前 ⑦the whole being 全身心 1) There is no living being without air. 没有空气就没有生物。 2) The PRC came into being in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 3) You can leave your suitcase here for the time being.（暂时） 3. affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动；假装 (P30, L10) ①be affected by 被……影响/感染/打动 ②affect to do sth. 假装干某事 ▲effect n. 结果，影响，效果，作用 [c/u] ③have an effect on/upon 对……有影响 1) How will the tax affect（影响）people on low incomes? 2) A large number of people in the world have been affected（感染）by COVID-19 recently. 3) Most people present at the meeting were affected（深深打动）by his speech yesterday. 4. contract vt. 感染疾病；与……订立合同/契约；收缩，缩小 n. 合同，契约 [c] (P30, L11) ①contract a disease/virus 感染疾病/病毒 ②contract with... 与……签订合约 ③contract (sb.) to do sth. （与某人）签订合同干某事 ④make/sign a contract 签订合同 ⑤draw up/break a contract 草拟/违反合同 1) Many people contracted（感染）SARS and some of them died because of it in Beijing in 2003. 2) The lecture is about how to contract with（与……签订合同）a foreign company. 3) The player is contracted（签约）to play until August. 4) They have just made/signed a contract with a clothing store. 他们刚刚与一家服装店签订了合同。 5. identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份 (P30, L14) ①identify with sb. 与某人产生共鸣/有同感；认同/谅解/同情某人 ②identify sb. with sth. 把某人视为…… ③identify sth. with sth. 认为某事物等同于……；认为某事物与……有关联 ④identify... as... 确认/认出……是…… ▲identity n. 身份 [c/u]；特征 [c/u]；同一性，相同，一致 [u] identity card (=ID card) 身份证，身份卡 ▲identification n. 身份证明 (=ID) [u]；鉴定，辨认 [c/u]; 确认，确定 [u] 1) Don’t identify wealth with happiness. 不要认为财富就等于幸福。 2) He identified the car as that of his son. 他确认这辆车就是他儿子的。 3) She said she identified with the hero in the novel. 她说她与小说中的男主人公有同感。 4) He was not the “tough guy” the public identified him with. 他并不是公众所认定的那种硬汉。 6. means n.“方法，方式；工具；财富，钱财”，(P30, L15) Every means has been tried so far. 到目前为止，每一种方法都试过了。 All means have been tried so far. 到目前为止，所有的方法都试过了。 a man/woman of means 富翁/富婆 ①by all means 一定，务必；当然可以，好的，没问题 ②by any means 无论如何 ③by means of 借助……手段，依靠……方法，通过…… ④by no means (=not by any means) 决不，一点儿不（位于句首时，句子要部分倒装） ⑤by this means 用这种方法/方式 (但：in this way, in this manner, with this method) ⑥have the means to do sth. 有钱干某事 1) All possible means have been tried (try) so far, but not a means has worked (work) yet. 2) I have tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means (决不) is the teacher satisfied with my progress. 3) I don’t have the means to pay (pay) for further education. 4) By means of（借助）WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday communication. 7. delete vt. 删去，删除 (P30, L17) ①delete…from… 从……上删除…… ▲deletion n. 删除 [c/u] 1) The editor deleted the last paragraph from the article. 编辑删除了文章的最后一段。 2) He made several deletions (delete) to the manuscript. 8. restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位；归还（失物，赃款等）(P31, L19) ①restore order/hope/calm/confidence (faith)/one’s sight/one’s hearing 恢复秩序/希望/镇静/信心/某人的视力/某人的听力 ②restore...to... 使……恢复到……；把……归还给…… ▲restoration n. 整修，修复 [c/u]；恢复 [c/u]；复原，回归 [u] ▲restorer n. 做修复工作的人 [c] 9. fundamental adj. 十分重大的；根本的；基础的，基本的 n. 基本规律/原理，根本法则，基础 [c，常用复数] (P31, L23) fundamental skills/questions/ways/purpose 基本技巧/问题/方法/宗旨 fundamental differences/mistakes 根本区别/错误 be fundamental to 对……来说是重要的/必不可少的/基本的 ▲fundamentally adv. 根本上，基本上，完全地 1) Solidarity and honesty are fundamental to career success. 2) Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives. 3) The professor taught us the fundamentals of modern physics. 教授教给了我们现代物理学的基本原理。 10. pace n. 发生的速度，步伐，节奏；快节奏；一步，步幅 [c] vi. & vt. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏 (P31, L25) ①keep pace with 与……步调一致；与……并驾齐驱；跟上 ②the pace of life 生活节奏 ③at a pace of (=at a...pace) 以……的速度 ④pace up and down=pace the floor/room 走来走去，来回踱步 1) Farmers are angry because the rise in salary fails to keep pace with inflation. 2) A tiger paced up and down in its cage. 一只老虎在笼子里走来走去。 11. arise vi. (arose-arisen) 发生，产生，出现；（由……）引起/产生； 起立，起身，起床；起义 (P31, L25) arise from/out of 起因于；由……引起/产生 辨析：raise, rise, arise与lift的区别 1) arise vi. 起来，站起；出现，产生 (arise-arose-arisen) 2) raise vt. 指使人或物升到更高的位置，举起 3) rise vi. 指上升到更高的位置。（日，月等）升起，上升；上涨，增长；起身，起床 (rise-rose-risen) 4) lift vt. 指用力举起， 1) Accidents always arise from（由……引起）carelessness. 2) 用raise, rise, arise, lift填空 a. Difficulties will ________ as we do the work. b. The wind _________ the fallen leaves from the ground. c. The child _______________ from the ground and ran to his mother. d. Please ___________ your voice a little. I can’t hear you. e. The boy was too young to ________ the heavy bag. f. The number of deaths arising from road accidents has been _______ which _________ people’s concern about traffic safety. (arise raised rose/arose raise lift rising, raises ) 12. restrict vt. 限制，限定（数量、范围等）；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 (P31, L26) ①restrict... to... 把……限制/定在…… ②restrict oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 约束/管束自己/某人（做）某事 ▲restriction n. 限制，约束 [u]；限制规定/法规 [c] ▲restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束的 1) Speed is restricted to 30mph in towns. 在城里，车速限制在每小时30英里。 2) We restrict the number of students per class to 50. 我们将每个班的学生人数限定为50。 3) I restrict oneself to one cup of coffee a day. 我约束自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。 4) The old man restricted himself to smoking three cigarettes a day. 13. prohibit vt. 禁止，阻止；使不可能 (P31, L27) ①prohibit doing sth. 禁止干某事 ②prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人干某事 ▲prohibition n. 禁止，阻止 [u]；禁令，禁律 (against/on) [c] 1) Rainy weather and fog prohibited flying (fly). 2) High costs have prohibited the building work from being completed (complete). 3) The government has issued a prohibition against/on selling alcohol to teenagers. 14. resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗 (to) [u] (P31, L29) passive resistance 消极抵抗 drug resistance 抗药性 drought resistance 抗旱性，耐旱性 electric resistance 电阻 wind resistance 风的阻力 air resistance 空气阻力 ①put up/offer resistance 进行反抗/抵抗 ▲resistant adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的；抵制的，阻止的；抗……的，耐……的 ②be resistant to 对……有抵抗力；抵制…… ▲resist vt. 抵制，阻挡；反抗，回击，抵抗；忍住，抵挡 ③resist doing sth. 抵制干某事，反对干某事 ④can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住干某事，情不自禁干某事 ⑤It is hard/impossible to resist sth. 抵制某事是很难的/不可能的。 典题赏析： 1) There has been a lot of resistance to this new law. 2)The bank strongly resisted cutting (cut) interest rates. 3) He couldn’t resist showing (show) off his new car. 4) This kind of flu is resistant to conventional medicine. 这种流感对 |