一、导读：短语罗列

二、导学&导思：

Step 1 Lead-in

• Which sporting events in the video do you like best? Why?

• What other sporting events do you know about?

Step 2 Reading for the gist

1. Have students read the travel journal again and finish A1 on page 32.

Step3 Reading for the specific information

1. The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years until around the year 393.                                        ______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Many Olympic athletes have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence.                                                   

______________________________________________________________________________________

Step 4 Critical-reading

Do you think the Olympic Games can help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace? Why or why not?

Athletes of diverse backgrounds gather together in the spirit of ________________________________ and devote themselves to _____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________.With the Olympics, people all over the world celebrate _____________________________________________________________________.

Keys : friendship, solidarity and fair play ;

achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement ;

the joy of living, their faith in the future, their ambition and their will to ascend

Step 5 Post-reading

Every four years, thousands of athletes take part in the Olympic Games, 1._______ (hope) to be recognized as the best of the best.The Olympic Games have a history of about 3,000 years. During ancient Olympic Games, the Olympics 2.___________(hold) only in Greece and only Greek men were allowed 3._____________ (participate). Modern Olympics were brought back to life by a Frenchman, 4.________(name) Pierre de Coubertin. It was in 1896 5._________ the modern Olympics were first held in Athens. For over a century, both male and female athletes have devoted 6. ______________(they) to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.Among the well-known athletes，Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis-Hill might be the most impressive. Their remarkable achievements demonstrate great talent and sportsmanship，7._____________ has motivated other athletes from all over the world.China has also made great 8.________________(contribute) to the development of the Olympics. Since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, the upward trend for Chinese sport has been 9.________________(stop).The 2008 Beijing Olympics were held 10. ________________(success). Just as Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent，its joy of living，its faith in the future，its ambition and its will to ascend.

Step 6 Language points

1. It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin，who brought the Olympics back to life.

是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。

句式分析：本句是强调句型，强调句子主语a Frenchman，Pierre de Coubertin，去掉It was 和who 之后句子仍然完整。

（1） 强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子的其余部分。强调人的时候连词可以用who 或that，其他情况只能用that。

It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.

是在我回到我的公寓时，我第一次遇到我的新邻居。

It is my teacher that/who will have a face-to-face talk with me. 是我的老师要和我面谈。

（2）该句型可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。

My grandpa walked the dog in the street yesterday. 昨天我的爷爷在街上遛狗了。

→ It was my grandpa that/who walked the dog in the street yesterday.（强调主语）昨天在街上遛狗的是我爷爷。

→ It was yesterday that my grandpa walked the dog in the street.（强调时间状语）我爷爷是昨天在街上遛狗了。

→ It was in the street that my grandpa walked the dog yesterday.（强调地点状语）我爷爷昨天是在街上遛狗了。

（3） 该句型不能强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词要用助动词do/does/did，表示“的确，确实”；强调祈使句的谓语动词时意为“务必，一定”。

He does look tired. 他确实显得很疲倦。

She did write to say thank you. 她的确写信向你道谢了。

Do be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶！

（4） It is...that/who... 强调句子的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。

It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds. 是玛丽和汤姆经常做好事。

It is I that have been admitted by a key university. 是我被重点大学录取了。

◆说明

判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is 与that/who 后，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。

（1） It’s there that the accidents often happen. 是在那里经常发生事故。（强调句）

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 

英语正被接受为一门国际语言，这是一个事实。（主语从句）

（2）It is novels that Miss Wang enjoys reading. 王小姐喜欢读的是小说。（强调句）

It is a question that needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（定语从句）

（3）It was at six o’clock that I got up today. 我今天是六点钟起床的。（强调句）

It was six o’clock when I got up today. 我今天起床的时候是六点钟。（状语从句）

☆有时在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。

It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died.

就在他出生的1975 年7 月7 日，他的父亲去世了。

2. Motivated by the Olympic motto “Faster， Higher，Stronger”，many well-known athletes，both male and female，have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence...

在奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，许多著名的男女运动员致力于在体育运动方面追求卓越……

◆ 句式分析：本句是简单句。Motivated by... 是过去分词短语作状语

过去分词短语作状语

（1） 过去分词短语作状语时，逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词与逻辑主语之间构成被动关系，有时仅仅表示被动，有时还表示被动的动作已经完成。

Seen in the dark night，lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.

在漆黑的夜晚，高楼顶上的灯光看起来就像天上的星星。（仅表被动）

Scolded by the teacher，the girl began to cry. 被老师责怪，这个女孩开始哭起来。（表被动完成） 

（2） 形容词化的过去分词作状语，表示逻辑主语的状态。如：disappointed，dressed，determined，devoted， tired，exhausted，prepared，seated，caught，lost 等。

Lost in thought，she nearly ran into a tree. 陷入沉思，她差点儿撞到树上。

（3） 过去分词作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等，相当于状语从句；表伴随的时候相当于并列句。

Asked（=When he was asked） what had happened，he lowered his head.

当被问发生了什么的时候，他低下了头。（表时间）

Frightened （= Because / As she was frightened） by the tiger，the girl didn’t dare to sleep alone.

因为害怕老虎，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。（表原因）

Grown（=If these seeds are grown） in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.

如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。（表条件）

The cup fell down to the ground，（so that it was） broken. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。（表结果）

Left （=Although he was left） at home，John didn’t feel afraid at all.

虽然约翰被留在家里，但他一点儿都不害怕。（表让步）

The teacher entered the classroom，（and he was） followed by a group of students. 

老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。（表伴随）

（4） 连词+过去分词：过去分词前带有once，when， while，if，as if，even if，though，unless等连词（词组）时，在连词（词组）与过去分词之间省略与主句相同的主语和系动词be。

Once（it is）published，this book will be popular with the students.

这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。

When （it is） compared with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 与整个地球的大小相比，最大的海洋似乎一点儿也不大。

No matter how（they are） frequently performed， the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 无论贝多芬的作品被多么频繁地演奏，它们仍然吸引着全世界的人们。

（5） 独立主格结构：名词/ 代词主格 + 过去分词。如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上逻辑主语，即名词或代词主格，形成独立主格结构。

The town seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly. 如果从山上看这个城镇，我们能看得更清楚。

Everything taken into consideration，the party was a success. 将所有的事情考虑在内了，晚会很是成功。

He sat silently，eyes closed. 他静静地坐着，闭着眼睛。

◆说明

（1）系动词和一些短语没有被动形式，作状语时用现在分词形式。如：look，taste，feel，sound，smell，read well，sell well，write smoothly，wash easily，handle easily 等。

Looking tired and weak，the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.

看上去又累又虚弱，这个女人应请天假去看医生。

Handling easily，the kind of car is popular by many people. 这种车容易驾驶，受很多人喜欢。

（2）given 有时看作介词，意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。

Given his age（= Considering how old he is)，he’s remarkably active. 考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当活跃的了。

Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。

3. By the time he died in 2016，Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time. 到2016 年去世时，阿里已被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。

by the time 引导时间状语从句

（1）by the time 表示“到……时候为止”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成”，即“过去的过去”。

By the time she left college，she had been an excellent student.

到她大学毕业的时候，她已经是一个优秀的学生了。

（2）by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来时，主句常