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一、导读： Key words & expressions involved 1. industrialization n．工业化→__________ n．产业；工业；勤勉 2. belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心→__________ vt.相信；认为；信任 3. dweller n．居民，居住者→__________ vi.居住；存在于；细想某事 4. striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的→ __________v．撞击；打；罢工；突然想到 n．罢工；袭击 5. characterize (also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→__________n．性格，品质；特性；角色；字→__________ adj.典型的；特有的；表示特性的 n．特征；特性；特色→__________ adv.典型地；表示特性地 6．stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→__________adj.稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的 7．tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→__________n．宽容，容忍；耐力 8．unconstrained adj.不受约束的，自由的→__________ adj.不自然的；强迫的；过于受约束的 9．vitality n．生命力，活力，热情→__________adj.至关重要的；有活力的 10．exaggeration n．夸张，夸大→__________ vt.使扩大；使增大 11．representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表→__________vt.代表；表示；描绘；回忆 12．unforgiving adj.棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的→__________ vt.原谅；免除(债务、义务等) 二、导思：【课文定位】根据语境推测下列单词或者短语的中文意思并且反复诵读 1．break ________ sth. 与某事终止关联，破除 2．make allowance ________体谅；考虑到，估计到 3．reach ________伸出 4．from an early age 从很小的时候 5．contribute________ 有助于；捐献；带来，促成；投稿 6．________ the age of 在……岁 7．more ________ 更重要的是 8．be ________ in 深植于 9．grow up 成长，逐渐形成 10．________turn 反过来；轮流，依次 11．have a huge impact ________对……有巨大的影响 12．the ________of 大多数…… 13．be ________of ……的代表 14．around the world 世界各地；全世界 三、导学：掌握核心单词的用法 1. bend(bent-bent) vi.&vt.(使)拐弯，弯曲n.拐弯，弯道→bent adj.弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的 be bent on doing sth一心想做(通常指坏事) bend one’s mind/efforts to sth.致力于，专心致志于 bend down弯下，折下 keep your knees slightly bent保持你的双膝稍稍弯曲 2. claim n.声明，宣称；所有权；索赔vt.宣称，声称；要求(call for)；索取(ask for)，认领；获得(疾病/意外等)夺去(生命/财产等) make a claim for=claim for索赔 claim to do sth./to have done声称做/做过… have a claim on有对…的所有权 claim one’s life夺去某人的生命 They had no claim on the land.他们对那块土地没有所有权。 You can make a claim on insurance policy.你可以按保险单索赔。 It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week. 据说有些医生每周工作80小时。 3. sigh in relief=breathe a sigh in relief长舒一口气 4. dare vi.&vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)→daring adj.勇敢的；敢于冒险的 dare可以用作实义动词和情态动词 ①作情态动词时，后接不带to的动词不定式； I daren’t tell her the truth. 我不敢对她讲实话。 ② 作实义动词时，后接带to的动词不定式，有时to可以省略； He won’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。 I didn’t dare (to) look at him.我不敢看他。 5. striking adj.引人注目的，显著的→strike v.(struck-struck)(灾难或疾病)侵袭，爆发vt.打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给…印象 a striking contrast between wealth and poverty显著的贫富差异 be struck with/by为……所侵袭/所触动(感动) strike sb. on the back打某人的背 Sth. strike sb.=It strikes sb. that…某人突然想到 go on strike举行罢工(动作) be on strike举行罢工(状态) 6. characterize vt.是…的特征，以…为典型；使…具有特点；描述,刻画→ character n.特性；品质；符号；人物→ characteristic n.特点；特性；品质adj.典型的；特有的→characteristically adv.典型地；表示特性地 be characterized by...以…为特征 l Bright colours characterize his painting. l An elephant is characterized by a long trunk. characterize sb/sth. as sth.描述成→be characterized as被描述成 simplified Chinese charaters简化的中国汉字 7. encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到n.相遇，遭遇，冲突 encounter sb.=have an encounter with sb.遇到 8. nourish v.养育，滋养；培养→nourishment n.营养；营养品 9. numerous adj.众多的，许多的→numerously adv.无数地 10. glorious adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→glory n.光荣，荣誉 a glorious victory辉煌的胜利 win glory for为…争光/赢得荣誉 for the glory of为了…的荣誉 11. boom n.激增，繁荣vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛→booming adj.飞速发展的，繁荣的 boom the economy促进经济繁荣 economic boom经济繁荣 12. stability n.稳定性，稳固性→stable adj.稳定的;沉稳的→stably adv.稳定地 economic/social stability经济/社会稳定 a stable job稳定的工作 13. tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐…的→tolerance n.宽容；容忍；忍耐力→tolerate v.容忍，允许→intolerant adj.不能容忍的 tolerate doing sth容忍做某事 tolerate sth.=be tolerant of sth.=be in tolerance of=have tolerance for容忍… She refused to tolerate being called a liar.她拒不接受被称为撒谎者。 14. liberty n.自由→liberal adj.思想开明的；自由主义的→liberally adv.自由地 at liberty自由 be at liberty to do=have liberty to do自由地做… 15. unconstrained adj.不受约束的，自由的→constrained adj.过于受约束的→constrain v.约束 constrain sb. from doing sth.限制某人做… unconstrained growth自然生长 a constained smile不自然的微笑 16. vitality n.生命力，活力，热情→vital adj. 至关重要的，必不可少的；生机勃勃的→vitally adv.极其；紧要地；生死攸关地 She is bursting with vitality and new ideas.她朝气蓬勃，满脑子新主意。 17. distinguish vt.&vi.成为......的特征，使有别于；区分；辨别；认出；使出众→distinguished adj.著名的，卓越的；尊贵的→distinction n.区别→distinct adj.明显的 distinguish A from B=distinguish between A and B区分A和B be distinguished for因…而著称 be distinguished as作为…而著名 At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong? 儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？ What was it that distinguished her from her classmates? 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？ a distinguished career in medicine在医学领域的辉煌生涯 18. exaggeration n.夸张，夸大→exaggerate v.夸张；夸大；言过其实 metaphor暗喻 simile明喻 personification拟人 19. representative adj.典型的，有代表性的n.典型人物，代表性人物；代表→represent vt.展现；展示；代表→representation n.描述；表现 a representative of ......的代表 be representative of代表…的 represent...as...把...描述成... represent sb to do sth 代表某人做某事 The painting is not representative of his work. The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries.这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。 20. frost n.霜；霜冻，严寒天气→frosty adj.结霜的，严寒的；冷淡的 be covered with heavy frost结了厚厚的霜 a frosty morning一个严寒的早上 21. cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向…投以（视线、笑容等）；投，抛；选派n.全体演员；投，抛 cast doubt on/upon sth使人怀疑 cast a light on阐明 cast a shadow over/on sth给某事蒙上一层阴影 be cast down沮丧；不愉快 cast aside抛弃，丢弃 The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 22.owe vt.欠情；欠债；把…归功于… owe sb. sth.=owe sth. to sb.欠某人…；归功于，归因于 owing to由于，因为 The company owes money to more than 60 banks. I think you owe us an explanation/apology. He owes his success to hard work. 23. debt n.人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 in debt欠债 out of debt还清债务 pay off one’s debts还清债务 be in debt to sb. for sth.因为…欠某人人情 24. fanscinate vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住→fanscinating adj.迷 |