一、导读：

Key phrases &sentences involved

二、导思：

(1) What do you think are some of the reasons why we work?

(2) What do you expect from your future career?

三、导学：

Step 1 Understanding the passage

A 层：Read for the main idea.

Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.

What is the passage mainly about?

A．Work makes us financially independent.

B．Earning a living is the only reason why we work.

C．The final purpose of our education is to prepare us for a life of work.

D．There are some important reasons motivating us to work except making a living.

B层：Read for details.

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.

1．The author uses the example of Yang Liwei to show        ．

A．to be an astronaut is a good occupation

B．he had no choice but to be an astronaut

C．he dreamed to be an astronaut when he was young

D．if one works hard towards his dream, he will succeed eventually

2．According to Paragraph 3, what was the life like twenty years ago?

A．People were living a poor life then.

B．People were not enthusiastic about their work.

C．There were no positions in social technologies or energy efficiency.

D．It was quite difficult to anticipate the new positions that would emerge.

3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A．We should not step out of our comfort zone.

B．We should call on young people to be teachers in the remote areas.

C．The jobs of scientists, lawyers and doctors are superior to that of butchers.

D．Many committed and selfless people devote themselves to the development of society.

4．What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?

A．Why should we work.

B．What can we get from work.

C．Do we work only for making a living.

D．How can we work efficiently and productively.

Step 2 Language points

1. If you were asked the question, “Do you work to live or live to work?”, what would your answer be? 

如果你被问到“你是为了生活而工作还是为了工作而生活？”这个问题，你的答案会是什么？

分析：画线部分为if引导的条件状语从句采用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在条件状语从句的应用如下：

If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学习英语。

If he had time, he would attend the meeting. 如果他有时间，他会参加会议的。

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.

如果你采纳我的建议，考试你就不会不及格的。

If you came/should come/were to come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.

如果你明天来，我们就开会。

注：

1. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整，这种情况又叫做错综时间的虚拟语气。

If you had worked hard yesterday, you wouldn’t be very tired now.

如果昨天你努力工作的话，现在你就不会累了。（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。）

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing yesterday.

如果今天他有空的话，我们昨天就送他去北京了。（从句说的是现在，主句指的是过去。）

2. 当虚拟现象与客观事实交织在一起时，这样的句子就叫虚实错综句。这就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处是陈述语气。

   If it were not for the fact that you are ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

   要不是你生病这一事实，我现在就要求你做这件事。

   David could have come to help, but he was busy then. 戴维本可以来帮忙的，但那时他很忙。

   —Had he told me the truth, I wouldn’t have been so worried.

如果他告诉我真相，我就不会如此担心的。

—Yes. He kept his mouth shut.

是的，他口风很紧。

3. 其他情况的虚拟语气：

1)当if从句中含有were, had, should时，这时可以省略if，把were, had, should提前，构成倒装。

Were I in school again, I would work harder. 如果我再上学的话，我将更加努力地学习。

Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. 如果你早一点来的话，你将见到他。

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议的话，我将来。

但：在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可以说：   

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.  要不是因为费用的话，我就是意大利了。

但不能说：Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy. 

2)用介词、介词短语、副词或连词如with, without, but for, under, otherwise, or等代替条件状语从句，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

With your help (=If you helped us), we might finish the work earlier.

有你的帮助，我们可能早点做完这工作。

Without air (=If there were no air), there would be no living things. 没有空气，就没有生物。

But for your help (=If you hadn’t helped me), I couldn’t have done it.

要不是你的帮助，我不可能完成这件事的。

Under capitalist system (=If it had happened under capitalist system), this would have been unimaginable. 在资本主义社会，这是难以想象的。

I’m too busy now. Otherwise (=If I weren’t so busy), I would help you do the work.

现在我太忙了，否则我将帮助你做那份工作。

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or (=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of your birthday) I would have known nothing about it.

他打电话告诉我你的生日，否则我根本不知道这事。

3)If it were not for… 意为“要不是……”，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，

其结构为：If it were not for＋名词/句子，主语＋would/should/could/might＋v.；

If it had not been for… 意为“当时要不是……”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，

其结构为：If it had not been for＋名词/句子，主语＋would/should/could/might＋have＋【打印本页】【关闭窗口】