一、导读：译文参考

外来词

The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.(这家餐厅的炸豆腐真美味。)这句话有什么特别之处吗?好吧，除了the和is之外，所有的单词都是从其他语言中借来的!这并不奇怪，因为英语已从300多种不同的语言中借用了词汇，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和汉语。然而，英语并不是唯一一种从其他语言引入外来词的语言--几乎所有语言中都可以找到外来词。例如，被借用到汉语中的英语词汇包括“培根(bacon)”、“坦克(tank)”和“高尔夫(golf)”。

当不同语言的两种文化相互交流时，外来词就产生了。这种情况往往发生在当母语中没有合适的词来表达某个物体或某种想法时。这一现象已经延续数千年。在如今的全球化时代中，当通讯技术使得不同文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词汇甚至更有可能会以前所未有的速度直接从原语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展相关的词汇，如“电子邮件(email)”和“互联网(Internet)”。

尽管借用外来词的速度已变得更快了，这个过程仍然是复杂的，而且新的词汇需要一段时间才能融入日常用语中。起初，外来词只被双语者所使用，然后这个词会传播到不懂原语言的人那里，并且他们会在几乎不知不觉中改变外来词的发音，使之适应自己的语言习惯。这一过程的一个例子就是“功夫(kungfu)”这个词，它指的是中国武术。这个词来源于汉语词汇“功夫(gongfu)”。随着时间的推移，难以发音的部分被更为熟悉的发音所取代了。一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。

外来词是语言发展中几乎难以避免的结果，但一些语言群体反对从其他文化引入词汇。有些国家为了捍卫自己的身份，对外来词采取干预措施以保持自己母语的纯正。法国人专门有一个创造新词的官方组织，以避免外来词。有些语言的使用者数量非常少，例如美洲印地安人的纳瓦霍语，只有这个部落的成员使用。在这种情况下，拒绝外来影响就关系着母语的生存问题。

虽然有些群体对语言之间的互借持悲观态度，但也有其他一些群体欣然欢迎外来词。尤其是英语，它是基于拉丁语、希腊语和日耳曼语的混合体。英语群体毫不犹豫地将外语词汇吸收到自己的日常词汇中。事实上，他们对新的外来词从来没有任何正式的学术限制。借用外来词使英语得以继续发展，使得其群体拥有一种更为有效的语言，让他们能够以新发现的轻松状态分享他们的经历。也正是通过那些外来词，新思想的传播以及不同观念的交流得以更加便捷、迅速。

语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为:“很难指出一种完全孤立的语言……”。不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。世界越是变得国际化和全球化，不同民族和文化之间就会共享更多语言特征。

Key phrases：

1. borrowed words       2. come as no surprise        3. come about     

4. tend to do---  5. be likely to          6. have a tendency to      

1. be integrated into--- 8. Chinese martial arts     9. be replaced with      

10.be in use 11. oppose doing sth = be opposed to doing sth    

12. make interventions to do sth 13. keep native language pure   

14. under this circumstance  15. reject outside influences 16. be pessimistic about        

17. be based on            18. hesitate over/about 19. enable sb. to do            

20. at a faster speed        21. out of style

二、导思：

Why is the first sentence showed?

Which of the following Chinese words isn't borrowed from English?

What is the author's attitude towards borrowing words in English?

三、导学：

Step 1.  Read and match the main idea with each paragraph.

Para.1　   A. Some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures.

Para.2     B. Borrowing words is complex and it takes time before new words are integrated into 

everyday speech.

Para.3         C. Borrowed words can be found in almost all languages.

Para.4         D. Other languages readily welcome borrowed words.

Para.5           E. Word borrowing comes about when two cultures with different languages interact, 

especially when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue.

Para.6         F. The tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style.

Step 2.  Critical thinking.

1. What is your attitude towards borrowed words? Give your reasons?

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think it is important to learn and continue using local dialects in today’s increasingly connected society? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________________________________

Step 3.  Key sentences

1. This comes as no surprise, given that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages, including Latin, Greek, French and Chinese.       ( Line 3 )  

[归纳拓展]

given that引导______________从句，相当于_______________

If _____________ (give) more time, we could have done it better.

come as no surprise 不足为奇

____________( 考虑到)  these cultural differences, ____________________________________

（不足为奇）Canada has been celebrating Multiculturalism Day since 2002.

2. The longer a borrowed word has been in use, the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 

The more international and globalized the world becomes, the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures.  ( Line 22 & Line 45)

[归纳拓展]

the more...the more...结构 ( 通常是主将从现 )，可以转换为if 从句

______________________ ( 你学习越认真),  ______________________________( 你就越好).

                                       ___________________________( 你就犯越少的错误).

3. Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop, enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new-found ease.          ( Line 37 )  

[归纳拓展]

borrowing words 是动名词，作___________语， 谓语用__________ 数  （ 单/ 复）

enabling是分词，作________________相当于which _____________

which引导________________

make it adj (for sb) to do sth    it 是形式宾语，真正宾语是________________

我们都认为对学生而言学好英语很重要

We all find ______________________________________________________________________.

4. It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.    ( Line 40 )

[归纳拓展]

It is...that...是强调句还是主从？如何判断？___________________

1) 强调句的构成：

It is/ was +被强调部分+that/ who+剩余部分 （强调主语、宾语、状语）

It was in the classroom ___________ ( that/ where) Martin made a promise ____________( that/ which) he would work hard.

2) 主从的句型：

It is said/ reported/ believed that…

It is important/ clear/ certain/ obvious that…

It is a fact/ a pity that…

It seemed/ happened/ turned out that…

四、达标导练：(15分钟)

单句语法填空

1. If cancers are spotted early, there's a high chance of           (survive).

2. The President               (intervention) personally in the crisis.

3. They worried about the            (pure) of tap water.

4. They are totally               (oppose) to abortion.

5. The aim is to promote close economic               (integrate) .

6. We were to meet at a             (give) time and place .

7. Women             (tendency) to live longer than men

8. Her proposal met with unanimous               (reject).

9.                  (globalize) is a phenomenon of the 21st century.

10. This is an era of rapid                 (technology) change.

11. The instructions on the box were very                  (confuse).

12. There is a universal               (pessimistic) about the economy.

13. They were completely              (absorb) in each other.

14. She gave the word it's French                 (pronounce).

15. I felt very             (isolate) in my new job.

16. The government has agreed to lift               (restrict) on press freedom.

17. The smell is very familiar          me.

18. The magazine is aimed                 (specific) at working women.

19. There will be improvements in               (efficient) at the factory.

20. The exercise develops strength          opposed to suppleness.

五、课后巩固训练（20分钟）

I.课文短语检查

1. 融入，合并                          2. 最初的语言

3. 随着时间的推移                        4. A被B替代

5. 指的是                                6. 反对做某事

7. 在这种情况下                          8. 抵制外来影响

9. 一个生存的问题                        10. 基于.../以···为基础

11. 把...吸收到...里                        12. 关于...正式的学术抵制

13. 对...悲观                             14. 发生

15. 与···互动                            16. 与…有关

17. 在当前的全球化时代                  18. 毫不奇怪

19. 考虑到…                             20. 往往 / 通常做某事

II.课文句子填空

1. Though borrowing words has become faster, the process is still complex, and it takes time before new words __________ ___________ _________  ( 融入到 ) everyday speech.

2. Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided, but some language communities ___________ __________ ________( 反对吸收词汇 ) from other cultures.

3. While some communities ________ _____________ __________ (