一、导读：

Key words & expressions involved

1.fluent  adj.      2. tendency  n.       3. cooperate  vt.       4. bow  v.

5. pure  adj.       6. slip  v.&n.        7. fence  n.           8. oppose  v.

二、导思：【课文定位】根据语境推测下列划线单词或者短语的中文意思并且反复诵读

1. ..., they see being fluent in a second or third language as...

2. ...along the Silk Road to cooperate more closely.

3. ...and broaden their minds to the outside world.

4. ...new words are integrated into everyday speech.

5. ..., but some language communities oppose adopting words...

6. While some communities are optimistic about the exchange...

三、导学&导练

A. 借助字典查下列单词的词性转化

1. ____________adj.流利的,熟练度→____________ adv.流利地,熟练地→___________n.流利,流畅

2. _____________v.合作;配合→_____________n.合作;配合→_____________n.合作者→_____________adj.合作的,协助的

3. _____________v.反对,抵制;与...对垒→_____________n.反对;反抗;对抗→_____________n.对手;竞争者;反对者→_____________adj.对面的;相反的

4. _____________adj.纯净的;完全的→_____________v.使纯净;使纯洁→_____________n.纯度;纯洁;纯正

5. _____________adj.悲观的,悲观主义的→_____________n.悲观;悲观情绪;悲观主义→_____________n.悲观主义者;悲观论者

6. _____________ n.趋势,趋向;倾向,偏好→_____________v.倾向;往往会;趋向;趋于;照料;照管;护理;照顾

B. 掌握核心单词的用法

1.accent  n. 口音;腔调;土音;着重点;强调;重音

a strong accent (= one that is very noticeable) 浓重的口音

She spoke English with an accent. 她说英语带有口音。

In all our products the accent is on quality. 我们的全部产品都是强调质量。

2.fluent  adj.（说话）流利的;(文体) 流畅的;(动作、曲线等) 优美自然的;(河水等) 畅流的

She's fluent in Polish. 她的波兰语很流利。

a fluent speaker/reader  说话流利的人;阅读熟练的人

fluent movements 优美流畅的动作

fluency  n. (尤指外语)流利;流畅;熟练自如

Fluency in French is required for this job. 这个工作要求法语熟练自如。

3.cooperate    vi. 合作;协作;协助;配合

cooperate (with sb.) (in/on sth.)

The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other. 这两个组同意相互协作。

They had cooperated closely in the planning of the project. 他们曾密切合作，共同规划这一项目。

4.cite  vt. 提及(原因);举出(示例);列举;引用;引述;援引  n. 引文

He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.

他说繁重的工作负荷是导致他累垮的原因。

She cites a favourite poem by George Herbert. 她引用了自己最喜爱的一首乔治·赫伯特的诗。

5. integrate  v. 整合;(使)合并,成为一体;(使)加入,融入群体

integrate (A) (into/with B) / integrate A and B  (使)合并,成为一体

These programs will integrate with your existing software.这些程序将和你的已有软件可综合成整体。

These programs can be integrated with your existing software.这些程序能和你的已有的软件整合成一体。

integrate (sb) (into/with sth)  (使)加入,融入群体

They have not made any effort to integrate with the local community.他们完全没有尝试融入本地社区。

The policy is to integrate children with special needs into ordinary schools.

这项政策旨在使有特殊需要的儿童融入普通学校。

6.oppose vt. 反对(计划、政策等);抵制;阻挠;(在竞赛中)与...对垒,与...角逐

  oppose (doing) sth.     be opposed to doing sth.  反对（做）某事

  as opposed to 而不是；与…不同

This party would bitterly oppose the re-introduction of the death penalty. 本党会强烈反对恢复死刑。

I would oppose changing the law. 我将反对改变这个法规。

  The cost of these planes is £3 million, as opposed to the £2 million charged by their competitors.

  这些飞机的价格是300万英镑，而不是他们的竞争者开出的200万英镑。

7.pure  adj. 纯净的;纯粹的;纯的;干净的;完全的;纯真的

pure gold/silk 纯金/真丝

One movie is classified as pure art, the other as entertainment.

一部电影被列为纯艺术片，另一部被列为娱乐片。

a bottle of pure water 一瓶纯净水

They met by pure chance. 他们相遇纯属偶然。

8.reject vt. 拒绝;拒收;不予考虑;不录用;拒绝接纳;(因质量差)不出售;不出版;排斥,排异(移植的器官)

reject an argument/a claim/a decision/an offer/a suggestion

拒绝接受一个论点/一项要求/一个决定/一项提议/一个建议

The proposal was firmly rejected. 这项提议被断然否决。

I've been rejected by all the universities I applied to. 所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。

Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control. 我们严把质量关，有问题的文章都被退回。

rejection  n.

Her proposal met with unanimous rejection. 她的建议遭到一致否决。

a rejection letter  回绝信

9.pessimistic  adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的   opp. optimistic 乐观的;乐观主义的

be pessimistic (about sth)

They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning.他们对胜利的可能性显得非常悲观。

pessimism  n. 悲观;悲观情绪;悲观主义 opp. optimism 乐观;乐观情绪;乐观主义

There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects.

公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。

10.tendency  n. 趋势;倾向;趋向;偏好;性情

have a tendency (for sb/sth.)/ (to do sth.)  易于，偏爱做某事

have a tendency towards/to sth.  偏爱某事

I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous. 我紧张时总爱唠叨。

There is a tendency for this disease to run in families. 这种疾病易在家族里遗传。

He lacks discipline and has a tendency towards swearing. 他缺乏约束，喜欢说脏话。

have a tendency (for sb/sth)/ (to do sth)        have a tendency towards/to sth.  有…的趋势；趋向

There is a growing tendency among employers to hire casual staff.  雇主雇用临时职员有增加的趋势。

11.sincerely  adv. 真诚地;诚实地   adj. sincere     n. sincerity

I sincerely believe that this is the right decision. 我由衷地认为这个决定是正确的。

12.slip  v. 滑倒;滑跤;滑落;滑离;脱落;悄悄疾行;溜;迅速放置;下降;陷入,进入

n. 差错;疏漏;纰漏;纸条;便条;小纸片;滑跤;滑倒;失脚

slip (over) 滑倒;滑跤

She slipped over on the ice and broke her leg. 她在冰上滑倒把腿摔断了。

As I ran up the stairs, my foot slipped and I fell. 我跑上楼梯时失脚摔倒了。

slip + adv./prep. 滑落;滑离;脱落

The fish slipped out of my hand. 鱼从我手里溜掉了。

The child slipped from his grasp and ran off. 他一把没抓牢，让那孩子跑掉了。

slip + adv./prep.悄悄疾行;溜

She slipped out of the house before the others were awake. 她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。

She knew that time was slipping away. 她知道时间在飞逝。

let sth slip (through your fingers) 错过（机会）；失去（机会）

Don't let the chance to work abroad slip through your fingers.

这个出国工作的机会你可不要错过。

slip your mind 被遗忘

  How could she have let something so important slip her mind?

13.contest  n. 竞赛;比赛;(控制权或权力的)争夺,竞争

vt. 争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩;就…提出异议

a singing contest 歌咏比赛       a talent contest 新秀大奖赛

enter/win/lose a contest 参加/赢得竞赛/竞赛失败

contest (for sth.)  (控制权或权力的)争夺,竞争

a contest for the leadership of the party 争夺政党的领导权

v. ①争取赢得（比赛、选举等）

Three candidates contested the leadership. 【打印本页】【关闭窗口】