【学科教学】XBook4 Unit 2 Understanding each other Period 5-6: Grammar and usage(两课时)

来源:江苏省仪征中学高二英语备课组 时间:2025-06-04
 

一、导读:

Read the short passage on P20, finish the table and explore the rules.

二、导思:

Shiqian ethnic Senior High School, which is located in on the Longchuan River, is very beautiful.

It is easy to find this school, where there are over 3000students. 

Every year, many students go to universities that they dream of.

The teachers whom students can meet every day are responsible for their jobs.

Most students, who live very far, go home once a month,

While the rest of students whose parents are non-local citizens feel very happy here.

One reason why this school is very popular is the excellent management.

As is known to all, the other reason is that all the teachers devote themselves to teaching.

We are really impressed by such a good school and well never forget the days when we stayed here together.

小结/归纳()

含有关系代词的定语从句有____________  Group1 引导词有_______________

含有关系副词的定语句子有____________  Group2 引导词有______________

小结归纳(二):关系词的作用

1.which/that 指物,在从句中既可作______,又可作____________不可以引导非限定性定语从句

2.who/that指人,在从句中作____; who/that/whom指人,在从句中均可作______;

  whose可指人和物,相当于先行词的所有格“某人/某物的...”在从句中作______;

3.which/as均可以指整个句子,_____引导的定语从句可置于句首而_____不可以;

4. 当先行词表______________ 时,而从句中主语、宾语或表语都不缺,此时,从句可能缺_______,可以用关系副词___________________引导定语从句,分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。

 

三、导学&导练:

关系词的用法

关系词分关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等;关系副词主要有when, where why,其中when表示时间,where表地点,why表原因,它们在定语从句中均用作状语。

关系词的选择

 选择关系词可考虑以下四点:

(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用whowhom,指人时通常不用which)

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why)

(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(thatwhy通常不引导非限制性定语从句)

(4) 四看文体,即分清是正式文体还是非正式文体,是书面语体还是口语体。

 

 使用关系副词应注意的几点

1. how 不能用作关系副词,不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way 后表示方式:

他说话就是那个样子。

误:This is the way how he spoke.

正:This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.

2. 关系副词whenwhere既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,但why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句,可用for which reason)

 

3. 引导定语从句时,when 的先行词为时间,where的先行词为地点,why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason),但是反过来却不一定。如:

Dont forget the time (that) Ive told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。

Do you know the house (that) he bought recently? 你知道他最近买的那座房子吗?

Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。

 

学习定语从句的几个误区:

I、误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人

whose用作疑问代词时,主要用于指人;但用作关系代词时,它既可指人也可指物。如:

It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛,名字我忘了。

The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 

这家工厂工人都是妇女,在假期中工厂关门了。

 

II、混淆定语从句与并列句

请看下面两题:

1. He has two children, and both of _________ are abroad.

A. them            B. which          C. whom         D. who

2. He has two children, both of _________ are abroad.

A. them            B. which           C. whom         D. who

1题选A,第2题选C。由于第1题中用了并列连词and,从而使整个句子为并列句,and后应是一个独立的简单句,所以选A不选C;第2题没有并列连词andboth of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外,请比较下面一题:

He has two children, both of _________ being abroad.

A. them            B. which            C. whom        D. who

此题答案为A,其中的both of them being abroad为独立主格结构,用作状语。

请再看一组类似的例子:

1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

A. it                B. them            C. which        D. that

2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it                B. them            C. which        D. that

1应选B,而不能选C,是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词),若选C,则该从句无谓语;第2应选C,因为句中有谓语 were translated。比较下面一例:

He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it                 B. them           C. which        D. that

此题与上面的第2题不同,两句间多了一个并列连词and,说明这是一个并列句,故应选B,则不能选C

 

III、混淆关系代词与关系副词

有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,就认为一定要用关系副词,其实也不一定。在此情况下,还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分,若是用作状语,则用关系副词,若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词,而用关系代词。比较:

This is the factory where I want to work. 

这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)

This is the factory that I want to visit. 

这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词,that用作visit的宾语)

The reason why he cant come is that he is ill. 

他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词,why在定语从句中用作状语)

The reason that he put forth is very important. 

他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词,that在定语从句中用作其宾语)

比较下面的考题:

1. This is the room _________I lived ten years ago.

A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what

2. This is the room _________I lived in ten years ago.

A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what

3. This is the room _________I bought ten years ago.

A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what

4. This is the room _________I visited ten years ago.

A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what

5. This is the room _________I was born ten years ago.

A. that       B. where       C. who         D. what

1题选B,因为 live 是不及物动词,它无需接宾语;第2题选A,因为虽然 live 不及物,但live in 却是及物,它应有自己的宾语;第34题也应选A,因为 buy  visit均为及物动词,它们应有自己的宾语;第5应选B,因为 be born 无需有自己的宾语。

 

IV、混淆定语从句与表语(从句)

请看下面的试题:

1. Your coat is still _____ you left it.

A. where       B. there        C. there where     D. the place where

【分析】答案选Awhere引导的是表语从句(=在…的地方),而不是定语从句。

2. Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where       B. what        C. that               D. the one

【分析】答案选Dthis school为句子主语,the one 为表语,your father worked in…为定语从句。不要误认为this是句子主语,否则school前应加冠词the。比较:

Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where       B. what         C. that            D. the one  (C)

Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?

A. where       B. what         C. that            D. the one  (A) 

 

V、混淆定语从句与状语从句

请看下面的试题:

1. I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.

A. where        B. when        C. that           D. which

【分析】答案是B而不是Awhen的意思是“当…的时候”,引导的是时间状语从句。(upstairs为副词,不宜用作先行词)

2. He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.

A. such, that      B. such, as        C. so, that        D. so, as

【分析】答案应选B,而不是Asuch that (如此…以致…)用于引导结果状语从句,其中的that不充当句子成分,而suchas…中的as为关系代词,用以引导定语从句并在定语从句充当句子成分。上句中第二空之所以选as,是因为它用作动词like宾语。 

 

VI、误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句

有的同学一看见逗号,就以为一定要选which而不选that,但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如:

1. If a book is in English, _________ means slow progress for you.

A. as           B. which         C. what          D. that

2. When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.

A. as           B. which         C. what          D. that

以上两题均应选that,而不能选which,因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that,是因为句中已有ifwhen引导的状语从句,逗号后为主句,that为主句主语。

 

VII、误加与关系代词同义的人称代词

误:He is a man everyone respects him.

正:He is a man everyone respects. 他是一个人人都敬重的人。

 

VIIIaswhich引导非限制性定语从句的区别

这类定语从句只能由 which  as 引导。两者之间的区别在于:

1. which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后,但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如:

David, as you know, is a photographer. 戴维是个摄影师,你是知道的。(不可用which)

Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了,这事是经常发生的。(不可用which)

2. as在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词,但which不受此限制。如:

Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 

李明迟到了,这件事使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)

3. as 引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事,但 which 不受此限制。如:

He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了,这是出乎意料的。(不可用as)

4. as有“正如”之意,而which则意为“这(件事,一点)”,可用and this/that/it来代替。

5. as多用于固定搭配中:as is often the case(这是常有的事)as was expected(不出所料

 
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