一、导读：

Read the short passage on P6 and finish the box and explore the rules.

二、导思：

1.(全国高考卷)______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.

2.(全国高考乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _____ the late 1980s.

3.(2022高考卷）Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

【答案】1.When/As  2.until   3.as

三、导学&导练：

1.状语从句的定义:状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子

2.状语从句的位置

状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

3.状语从句的分类

时间、条件、让步、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式和比较等从句

I、时间状语从句

1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句

(1)when 表示“当……时；在……期间”。

When I was a little boy, I used to climb mountains on Sundays. 当我小时候时，星期天常常去爬山。

(2)while 表示“在……期间”，从句中常用延续性动词。

Please don't talk so loud while others are studying. 在别人学习的时候，请别这么大声音说话。

(3)as表示“一边……一边……，随着……”。

John sings as he works.. John一边工作，一边唱歌。。

2．till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句

We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。

He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。

(3)强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ...

It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.

[名师点睛]　（1）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。

Until you told me I had no idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。

（2）not until置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。

Not until the film began did she arrive. 直到电影开始她才到。

3.as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once(一……就……)

常译为“一……就……”。从句中常用一般时态代替将来时。

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便哭了。

[名师点睛]　

(1) no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ... 句型的时态运用：主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。

We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.

→No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到火车站就出发了。

(2)“on＋v.­ing”和“on＋one's＋n.”结构。当v.­ing和n.在意义上相对应时，这两个结构可以互换。

On arriving / his arrival at the station, the thief was arrested. 刚到火车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。

4．before与since引导的时间状语从句

(1)before与since的常用句式。

① It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才……

② It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就……

③ It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才……

④ It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时)

⑤ It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时)

Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 他们还没到达火车站前，火车已经开走了。

Someone called me up in the midnight, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.(还没来得及……就……) 有人半夜给我打电话，但我还没来得及接就挂断了。

It will be two years before he leaves the country. 再过两年他才会离开这个国家。

(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。

④It's two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。

⑤It's three years since we lived here. 我们不住在这里有三年了。

5．“It＋be＋时间＋从句”句型

“It＋be＋时间＋从句”句型是高考考查的热点，其中连接词的选择是个难点。突破这个难点的关键是要把握好句意，根据句意的需要选择合适的连接词：

(1)表示“再过多长时间某事才会发生”，用“It will be＋时间段＋before从句”。

It will be three weeks before we he comes back. 再过三周他就会回来了。

(2)表示“自……以来有多长时间了”，用“It be＋时间段＋since从句”，如果主句用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时

It is three years since he joined the army. 自从他参军以来已经三年了。

(3)“It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。

It was at three o'clock that we got home. 正是在三点我们到了家。

(4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。

It was three o'clock when we got home. 当我们到家的时候三点了。

6．every time, each time, next time, the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……，上次……”等

Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. 每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。

II、条件状语从句

1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。

You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)．

除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。

2．in case,  on condition that,  providing(that),  provided (that)，supposing (that), suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。

In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？

Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?

假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？

3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。

As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。

4．在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。

Run faster and you'll catch the bus. 跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。

Work hard, or you'll fail. 努力干，要不你就会失败的。

5．if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。

If only I were as clever as you. 我要是像你一样聪明就好了。

Only if you work hard can you succeed. 你只有努力才能获得成功。