【学科教学】XBook3 Unit3 Back to the past Period 10-11: Extended Reading (两课时)

来源:江苏省仪征中学高二英语备课组 时间:2025-04-18
 

一、导读译文参考

地狱降临珍珠港

那是1941127日,星期天。和往常一样,起床号在早上545分响起。美国“亚利桑那号”战舰上的人伸了伸懒腰,揉了揉眼睛。军需官路易·孔泰叫醒了海员拉塞尔·沃里纳。拉塞尔整理了床铺,还帮忙打扫了这个巨大的共用房间。人们走进盥洗室,穿上制服,然后坐下来吃早饭。看起这将是船上平常的一天。

但是没有人吃早饭就在那时,上面传来一声巨响。船剧烈地摇晃着,船员们惊恐地面面相觑。在他们头顶上,数百架日本飞机像鹰一样盘旋,它们俯冲下来把炸弹投到珍珠港。发动机发出的轰鸣声震耳欲聋。炸弹在各处炸响,黑烟形成云,升上空并笼着大海。拉塞尔觉得自己的血都凝固了,但他立马反应过来,冲到甲板上。片刻之后,枚炸弹击中了美国“亚利桑那号”战舰,拉塞尔被炸到100多米开外。他的手、胳膊和腿被严重烧伤,眼睁睁地看着许多朋友死去。

此时,路易也站在甲板上,很幸运没有被炸进海里。他只受了轻伤,还能帮助那些严重烧伤、苦不堪的人。在接到弃船的命令后,路易从水中救出了更多的人,把他们拖上了救生艇。发生袭击后一片混乱,美国海军给路易的家人发送了条消息,称路易已经在袭击中丧生。幸运的是,他在这则消息到家之前已经与家人取得了联系。路易虽然做出了非凡的举动,但他并不认为自己是英雄。“英雄是那些在那天献出生命的人,”他说。

拉塞尔被从海里救了出来,但他严重烧伤,大量出血。幸运的是,他被送医院并活了下来。多年来,拉塞尔一直拒绝谈论那天早上发生的事情,只是简单地把它描述为“地狱”。他的妻子埃尔莎说“后来他敞开心扉时,总是提到那次袭击多么可怕。”

路易和拉塞尔永远不会忘记受袭击时的可怕场面,但他们足够幸运,是“亚利桑那号”的少数幸存者。没有人料到会有空装。日本策划了突袭珍珠港的阴谋,所以对这次击没有发出任何警告,也没有对美国战。这次袭击击毁了近20艘美国军舰和180多架飞机。当天共有超过2000 名美国人死亡,1000多人受伤。“亚利桑那号”上有1000多人丧生。在37对兄弟中,拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一存下来的完整的一对。

这次突然袭击使美国全国大为震惊。第二天,罗斯福总统发表了著名的《珍珠港演说,他称127日为“一个耻辱的日子”,并要求美国国会对日本宣战。为了回应这次袭击和总统的演讲,美国加入了第二次世界大战。

今天,美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰仍在其沉没的地方太平洋的中央。人们在它所在的位置建了一座桥状的纪念馆,横跨沉船的残骸。每年都有200多万人参观这个纪念馆。游客来到珍珠港看那艘船在海底的影子,了解袭击的情况,向那些在袭击中丧生的人表示意,并为世界和平祈祷。尽管过去了约80年,但美国历史上最黑暗的事件之一——珍珠港事件永远不会被人们遗忘。

 

二、导思:

Key phrases

as usual

和往常一样

be awakened by

...唤醒

make one's bed

铺床

dress in uniform

穿制服

from above

从上方

in horror

惊恐地

dive down

俯冲下来

rise up to sky

直冲云霄

feel one's blood freeze

感觉血液凝固

come to oneself

苏醒过来

rush up to

冲过来

drag...into...

..拖进...

in the chaos and confusion

在混乱中

get in touch with

...取得联系

badly burnt, bleed heavily

严重烧伤,大量出血

describe...as...

..描述为...

open up

打开心扉

hatch a plot to do

密谋做...

launch a surprise attack on

..发动突袭

declare war on...

..宣战

in total

总共

come as a great shock to

使..大为震撼

deliver a speech

发表演讲

in response to

..做出反应

be marked with

...标出

at the bottom of..

...底部

show respect for...

...致敬

pray for

...祈祷

 

Step1. figure out its main idea and structure

Para.1

          _______ the attack

Para. 2-3

          _______ the attack

Para. 4-6

          _______ the attack

Para. 7

          Now

 

Step 2. Read the passage on Pages 3940 carefully and choose the best answer.

1Why didn't the men aboard the warship USS Arizona eat their breakfast?

ABecause there was a huge crashing sound from above.

BBecause they didn't get up at 545 am.

CBecause the breakfast wasn't prepared.

DBecause they were making their bed.

2Which of the following statements about Louis is WRONG?

AHe helped others severely burnt and in terrible pain.

BHe saved many men from water by dragging them into the lifeboat.

CHe was thrown into the sea.

DHe got in touch with his family after the attack.

3Why did the attack bring about such serious consequences to the United States?

ABecause the men on board were not allowed to abandon the ship.

BBecause men aboard USS Arizona didn't want to defend the ship.

CBecause Japan was stronger than the United States.

DBecause the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.

4What are the reasons for people to visit the memorial crossing the USS Arizona's sunken remains?

ATo see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor.

BTo learn about the attack.

CTo show respect for those losing their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace.

DAll the above.

Step 3. 句型精析

1[教材原句] The men went to the washroomdressed in their uniforms and sat down to breakfast.

穿着他们的制服,男人们去了洗手间,然后坐下来吃早饭。

[句式分析] 本句为简单句。dressed in their uniforms是过去分词短语作状语。

[归纳拓展]

(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等,表示被动或完成;

(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致;

(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。

Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.

由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。

The general walked into the hallfollowed by some soldiers in uniform.

将军走进大厅,后面跟着一些穿制服的士兵。

Located in the central district, the Xi'an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.

西安酒店位于市中心区,以最低的价格提供最好的服务。

[即学即练]

单句语法填空

____________ (drive) by that motivation, the young people worked much harder than before.

____________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.

一句多译

从这座高层建筑物上看,公园看上去更漂亮。

________________ the top of the high building, the park looks even more beautiful.

________________ the top of the high building, I find the park even more beautiful.

2[教材原句] Its location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's sunken remains.

它的位置上有一座桥状的纪念碑,它横跨在沉船的残骸上。

[句式分析] 本句为复合句。shaped like a bridge 为过去分词短语作定语,修饰 memorial

[归纳拓展]

(1)作定语的分词如果是单个分词,要放在所修饰的名词之前;如果是分词短语,则放在所修饰的名词之后。

(2)一般来讲,现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的含义,而过去分词表示被动的、已经完成的含义。

(3)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时,不表示被动,只强调完成;不及物动词的现在分词作定语时,强调动作正在进行。它们一般都放在所修饰的名词之前。

请比较不及物动词的过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别:

fallen leaves落叶

falling leaves正在飘落的树叶

the risen sun已升起的太阳

the rising sun正在冉冉升起的太阳

a returned student 已归国的学生

a returning student归国途中的学生

Lost time is never found again.

光阴一去不复返。

The players selected from our club are likely to bring us an honor in the coming game.

在即将到来的比赛中,从我们俱乐部选出的球员很可能会给我们带来荣誉。

As we all knowwe should drink boiled water not boiling water.

众所周知,我们应该喝开水而不是沸腾的水。

 
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