|
一、导读：
Read the short passage on P20, finish the box and explore the rules.
二、导思：
Point out the mistakes in the following sentences and correct them.
(1) The librarian said that the book has already been borrowed.
(2) The classroom is being decorated when the teacher came in.
(3) The steak was cooking in the pan as he walked into the kitchen.
三、导学&导练：
I.过去进行时的被动语态
否定主语+was/were + not + being + done
一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+being+done
特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were +(主语 +)being +done
1.过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。
He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。
This film was being shown then. 那时这部电影正在上映。
2. 进行时的被动语态可以由“was / were + under / on等介词+名词”结构代替。
Many new inventions were on exhibition in the museum at this time last year.
= Many new inventions were being exhibited in the museum at this time last year.
许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。
He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was under repair.
= He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was being repaired.
昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。
II.过去完成时的被动语态
否定:主语+had+ not + been + done
一般疑问句:had+主语+been+done
特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+(主语 +)been +done
1.过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment had been finished.
老师进来的时候,第一个实验已经完成了。
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came in.老师进来之前教室还没有打扫。
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting started?会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗?
用法1：表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的被动动作，常常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。
By the time we got there , all the tickets had been sold out.我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。
用法2：表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。常常与for, since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用。
It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.
用法3：用在宾语从句中，常放在told,said,knew,heard,thought,wondered等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动词之前已经发生的被动动作。
He told me that he had finished all the homework.他告诉我他已经做完了所有的作业。
用法4：Scarcely /Rarely/Hardly/ (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+when + 句子（过去时）或 No sooner (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+than…+句子（过去时）句型中，表示“刚….就……, 一…….就……”.当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态；
Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning.
前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。
用法5：It / This / That was the first / second / ... time + that从句，当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态
It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖。
用法6：在虚拟语气中，表示和过去的事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。
If I had been invited there, I would have gone with you.
如果我受到邀请去那里的话，我就会和你一起去了。
III、课文重难点
1. My cheeks were red，and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky.
我的脸颊通红，抬头仰望蓝天时，我能听到自己沉重的喘息声。
hear + 宾语 + 宾补
在hear 复合结构中，宾补通常由省略to 的动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词充当。
（1）省略to的动词不定式表示动作发生过或者经常发生。
（2）现在分词作宾补，宾语与宾补是主动关系，表主动进行。
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.
她还没来得及坐下来，就听到有人敲门。
（3）过去分词作宾补，宾语与宾补是被动关系，表被动。
We can hear the windows beaten by the raindrops. 我们能听到雨点敲打窗户的声音。
◆说明
（1）除hear 外还有一些动词，如see，notice，watch，feel 等，也可用省略to 的动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头一看，发现一条蛇正蜿蜒爬树，准备捕捉它的早餐。
As soon as he entered the office，he noticed his cup broken. 他一进办公室就注意到他的杯子被打碎了。
（2）省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语时，如变成被动句，应加上 to，这时不定式成为主语补足语；分词作宾语补足语时，如变成被动句，则不需要变化，可直接用作主语补足语。
I heard the students sing an English song. 我听到学生们唱了一首英文歌。
→ The students were heard to sing an English song.
I heard the students singing an English song. 我听到学生们正在唱一首英文歌。
→ The students were heard singing an English song.
2. I ran my race relaxed and confident，even though my limits were being tested like never before.
我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。
(1)形容词（短语）作主语补足语
We went home from school, tired and hungry. 我们从学校回到家，又累又饿。
He left home without a word, determined never to return. 他一句话没说就离开了家，决定再也不回去了。
Crusoe stared at the dead boy, full of fear. 克鲁索盯着死去的男孩，充满了恐惧。
◆说明
形容词的上述用法还可理解为形容词（短语）作状语， 表示伴随、让步或结果等，该形容词（短语）的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
They spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry. 他们又冷又饿地在风雪中度过了七天。（伴随）
Unhappy, she returned to work. 尽管不高兴，她还是回去工作了。（让步）
The dog fell down, dead. 那条狗倒下，死了。（结果）
(2)limit n. 限度，限制；限量，限额；界限vt. 限制，限定； 限量
（→ limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限的）
a. There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。
The EU has set strict limits on levels of pollution. 欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限制。
He tried my patience to its limits. 他把我的耐心逼到了极限。
b. The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice. 你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。
c. We are doing our best with the limited resources available. 我们用可获得的有限资源在尽最大的努力。
【打印本页】【关闭窗口】 |