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一、导读：key expressions involved
at first sight乍看上去 on closer inspection细心观察
lose control of 失去对...的控制 appear to do似乎做.....
(be) in danger of...处于....危险之中 (be) in decline衰落，做下坡路
be down to由.....引起（或造成） be regarded as被认为是....
in one’s own right凭自身的资格（或努力） make an outstanding contribution to...为...做出卓越贡献
on exhibition 展览 wait in line排队等候
with one’s own eyes亲眼 speak volumes about 充分说明；清楚表明
二、导思：
1. 分词短语作状语的用法？
Painted on a five-metre-long silk scroll,…..
…, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work.
Using ink on silk, ….
1.
分词短语作后置定语的用法？
the city described in the painting
a river winding through the landscape
Some boats carrying food
a crisis developing in the city
三、导学：Language points
1.
分词短语作状语
Painted on a five-metre-long silk scroll,…..
…, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work.
Using ink on silk, ….
2.
分词短语作后置定语
the city described in the painting
a river winding through the landscape
Some boats carrying food
a crisis developing in the city
教材例句：The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work.第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活,重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。
现在分词短语 winding... 作后置定语,修饰 a river。
（1）位置:单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前;现在分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰词之后。A barking dog seldom bites.吠犬不咬人。
The man standing against the wall is our teacher.靠墙站着的那个人是我们的老师。
（2）
形式:现在分词作定语有 doing 和 being done 两种形式，一般不用 having done 形式作定语
（3）
意义:doing 表示主动、动作正在进行或现在(当时)的状态。being done 表示被动、动作正在进行。
The meeting being held now is of great importance.现在正在举行的这个会议很重要。
Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 evidence
⑥ She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming at getting rid of homelessness.
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 organization
3. It is believed that... 人们相信……;有人认为……
教材例句：It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing(present-day Kaifeng ), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.人们通常认为,画中描绘的城市是汴京(今开封),即北宋的都城。
“It + be +过去分词+ that….”可以转换为“Sb./Sth.+be+过去分词+不定式.”和“People+动词 + that...”。
It is believed that...= Sb./Sth. is believed to...= People believe that...
人们认为情商比智商起着更重要的作用。
It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ.
= EQ is believed to play an even more important role than IQ.
= People believe that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ
4. 倒装
In the painting are soldiers who appear to ignore their duties. (完全倒装)
画中有一些似乎玩忽职守的士兵.
Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll. (部分倒装)
这幅画价值连城，后来的几位皇帝甚至命令当朝最有才华的画家来临摹这幅画卷。
当“so/such...that...”结构中的 so, such(连同它所直接修饰的成分共同)位于句首表示强调时,主句要用倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。
So cold is it that you can’t go outside.
So well have the kids done that they deserve our praise and thanks.
Such a difficult problem is it that I find it hard to solve.
so...that.../such...that... 如此……以至于……,that引导结果状语从句。
①
So tiny was the room that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
②
房间太小了，我们不得不把手提箱放在走廊里。
Such great progress has he made in his studies that we all admire him.
他在学习上取得了如此大的进步,我们都很钦佩他。
So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.
进攻来得如此突然,以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。
5. 名词短语引导时间状语从句
教材例句：The last time it was on exhibition, crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes. 上一次展出时，观众为了这个一睹名画真容的难得机遇,不惜排几个小时的队。
名词短语the last time 在句中作连词用,引导时间状语从句,意为“上次……”。
用作从属连词的名词短语还有:·以 time 为中心词构成的名词短语: the first time(第一次)，(the)next time(下一次),every time(每次)，it each time(每次)，any time(任何时候)
·the moment/minute/instant/second (一……就……)
·由 “年、月、日”“春、夏、秋、冬’构成的名词短语:the year/month/ day(那 年/月/天)，the spring/ summer/autumn/winter(那年春天/夏天/秋天/冬天)
① I felt nervous the first time I gave a speech to many students. 我第一次给许多学生做演讲时感到很紧张。
②But next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.
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